CŁO WYCHOWAWCZE I CŁO OPTYMALNE W TEORII I PRAKTYCE POLITYKI HANDLU MIĘDZYNARODOWEGO

Abstract

Customs duties imposed for retaliation or for the protection of growing businesses are among the strongest arguments in favour of protectionism in the theory of international trade policy. The author attempts to carry out a synthetic analysis of their theoretical constructions and the possible practical applications. The assessment is based upon the influence of the application of both instruments on domestic and global prosperity. The author arrives at the conclusion that customs duties have a theoretically positive influence on both domestic and global well-being (duties imposed for the protection of growing businesses) or solely domestic prosperity (optimal customs). The correctness of these conclusions is however heavily limited in the practical application of the two instruments, which impede the accepted economic goals.