Rodzaje grup nieformalnych w zakładach przemysłowych

Abstract

The article contains a characterization of informal groups functioning in Polish industrial plants. The first part deals with a short presentation of types of informal groups described in the literature. Most considerations in that part are devoted to M. Dalton's typology of cliques, used by the author to characterize the groups of such a type active in Polish industrial plants. Considerations contained in the second part are the result of the analyses of the theoretical and empirical output of many scientists researching the problems of social groups and enterprises. The direct inspiration for formulating a characterization of informal groups functioning in an industrial plant has come from the analyses of autobiographies of employees of Polish institutions. The author presents informal groups operating on three levels of formal structure of authority, i.e. on the management level, middle supervision level and on the level of common employees. In addition, the author also describes groups crossing vertically the structures of an industrial plant. The last part of the article attempts to answer the question of the reasons of domination of groups of pathological or deviant character in social environment of Polish industrial plants.