Empatia jako forma komunikacji w „świecie życia codziennego”

Abstract

Empathy as a form of communication in the „life-world” of everyday human experience The most effective communication takes place when the verbal and non-verbal systems express cohesive meanings. Non-verbal systems of communication seem more effective than verbal systems, regarding the transmission of empathy, respect and the feeling of authenticity. Non-verbal communication is determined by social agreements only to a certain extent – to a great extent it depends on the inborn factors. Non-verbal communication is intentional. An act of non-verbal experience is „in-feeling”. The article presents the idea of in-feeling by E. Stein, T. Lipps as well as the idea of „understanding” by W. Dilthey and the idea of M. L. Hoffman. The latter constitutes an attempt to link emotional empathy with the universal stages of moral development. Morality based on empathy enables social favoring behavior presuming the principles of care and justice.