Jakościowe i ilościowe aspekty badań naukowych w świetle statystyki

Abstract

In the elaboration basic problems of qualitative and quantitative aspects of research in empirical sciences have been presented. The central idea of considerations is an opinion that placing these two aspects in opposition is unjustified and also that a division of statistics into quantitative and qualitative is conventional. Difficult qualitative problems of investigated reality can be solved thanks to quantitative methods which fulfil an ancillary role in qualitative analysis. Development of social sciences has caused intensive interest in statistical methods. Such a situation has raised new qualitative problems for statistics. Necessity of measurement improvement of indirectly unmeasurable phenomena has caused development of statistical methods suitable for weaker scales. Application of statistical methods based on these scales simplifies and also objectivizes cognizance. In order to avoid deformation of the studied processes it is obligatory to supplement formal analysis with analysis of the merits of these processes. This quantitative analysis has to be submitted to qualitative analysis.