WYZNACZNIKI POLITYKI KREDYTOWEJ BANKÓW W ŚWIETLE POLITYKI PIENIĘŻNEJ BANKU CENTRALNEGO

Abstract

The lending activity carried out by commercial banks is a medium through which impulses sent by the central bank are transferred to their potential recipients. However, for this activity to be effective, banks must operate in an appropriate external environment in which the institutions creating the transmission mechanism behave in a certain prescribed manner. In the paper we classify lending activities of banks as well as point out their considerable variety and different scopes of influence depending on the phase (I-IV) of the transmission mechanism of the lending channels. We present relations between different factors that influence the functioning of the lending channels. We take into consideration external and internal, macro- and micro-economic, legal and institutional factors. We pay a special attention to the factors influencing the efficiency of the transmission mechanism of the central bank, which affect bank’s liquidity, the number of loans granted and demand for household and business loans.