Transformacja makroekonomiczna a upadłość przedsiębiorstw w Polsce w latach 1990-1995

Abstract

Most elaborations on transformation processes of Polish economy concentrate upon the analysis of fiscal and monetary policies or of exchange rate. The by-result (nevertheless - unavoidable) of macroeconomic transformation in Poland was the apperance of the enterprises insolvency phenomenon. This problem has bees analysed mainly from legal point of view in the subject literature. The aim of the present paper is to analyse the scale and regional diversification of such insolvencies against the background of macroeconomic phenomenons and resulting institutional solutions in Poland after 1990. We consider that during the initial phase of the transformation a liberalization of formal and legal entrance rules is of key importance for the development of the economy. In second phase of macroeconomic transformation the exit rules solutions become particularly important. Their effective operation is a necessary condition for restructuring the economy and for generally effective impact of allocative function of market mechanism. The present paper consists of four points. The first point is introductive. Within the second - principal elements of the Polish stabilization programme as well as summarized, macroeconomic results of the reforms have been presented. This knowledge and an analysis of it seem to be necessary for to understand the scale of insolvencies of enterprises in Poland in 1990 - 1995. Under the same point there is also an evaluation of accessibility and quality of informations relevant for examining the circumstances of bankruptcies. Additionally - informations about the scale of company promoting activity within the private sector have been inserted. These informations are the point of referrence to the analyses of insolvencies scale which are comprised in point three. The insolvencies scale is analysed both in global and in voivodeship optics. The conclusions are in point four. A detailed macroeconomic analysis of enterprises insolvencies mechanisms in Poland is quite a difficult task. The basic problem is still insufficient authenticity and accessibility of microeconomic data, and especially - from menaced and falling enterprises. Such a state of things gets it difficult or even simply impossible to apply presently some models of evaluating the imminence of an insolvency.