Pojęcie Nieba (Tian) w filozofii konfucjańskiej

Abstract

The article analyses notion of Heaven (天, Tian) in the source books of Confucian philosophy, from Confucius through Mencius and Xunzi up to Dong Zhongshu and Zhang Zai. Not only metaphysical characteristics of Heaven, but also relation between Heaven, human nature and moral conduct are the subject of consideration. It finally leads to the critique of Hegel’s belief that there are no connections between Tian and morality.