Skuteczność środków penalnych stosowanych wobec młodocianych a typowe struktury czynników kryminogennych

Abstract

The article is based on the study conducted in years 1979 - 85 on the group of 207 young adult offenders tried in Poznań District Court. The purpose of the study Was to perform a synthesizing evaluation of efficiency of particular penal measures.. The basis of the evaluation is an attempt to grasp the connections and dependencies between typical crime generating factors (exo- and endogenic) — grouped in 11 structures and forming sets characterized by different degrees of cumulation — and the offenders' subsequent lines of conduct, determined by the levels of their recidivism, and to determine the influence of measures applied by the courts on the above dependencies. No connnection was found between the degree of cumulation of crime generating factors and severity of the measure. The penalty of deprivation of liberty was in cases of greater cumulation of crime generating factors even less frequent than in variants with weak cumulation of these factors. It indicates that Art. 51 of Criminal Code is not always applied. (i.e. the exposition of educational aims of proceedings concerning the young adult offenders). The highest percentage of recidivism occurs after the penalty of deprivation of liberty (39,3%), somewhat lower after the conditional suspension of the execution of such penalty (32,6%), small after the penalty of restricted liberty (6,4%); there is no recidivism after autonomous fine and after educational and corrective measures. The relation between the recidivism and the lack of stabilization (i.e. the situation when the offender does not relapse into crime but nevertheless does not stabilize his situation through e.g. taking a job) is statistically significant (p<0,001) with correlation coefficient v = 0,411. The above result indicates the lack of efficiency of applied penal measures and suggests the need of changes in the policy of punishing.